The canyon provides habitat for a remarkable array of wildlife, including endangered species like the Central American river turtle and the spider monkey. Visitors commonly spot American crocodiles basking along the riverbanks, while various bird species such as the great curassow and king vulture soar above the canyon walls. The protected area serves as a crucial corridor for migratory birds and supports healthy populations of jaguars, ocelots, and various bat species in its more remote areas.
The canyon supports a diverse ecosystem with over 1,000 plant species adapted to its unique microclimates. The vegetation ranges from tropical rainforest at the canyon floor to drought-resistant species on the upper walls. Notable species include the Ceiba tree, considered sacred by the Maya, and various orchids and bromeliads that cling to the canyon walls. The park also harbors several endemic plant species found nowhere else in the world, making it a significant site for botanical research.
Formed over 35 million years ago through a combination of tectonic plate movement and erosion by the Grijalva River, the canyon reaches impressive depths of up to 3,000 feet (1,000 meters). Its limestone walls showcase distinct geological layers that tell the story of the region's formation. The canyon's width varies from 0.6 to 1.2 miles (1-2 kilometers), creating a dramatic corridor of towering cliffs. Unique geological features include exposed fault lines, ancient marine fossils, and distinctive rock formations shaped by millennia of water erosion.
The canyon holds deep cultural significance dating back to the 16th century when indigenous Chiapanecan warriors chose death over Spanish submission by jumping from the canyon walls. The area was largely unexplored until the construction of the Chicoasén Dam in 1981, which transformed the canyon into a navigable waterway. This engineering feat created the reservoir that now enables boat tours through the canyon's dramatic walls. The site was declared a national park in 1980, reflecting its importance to Mexico's natural and cultural heritage.
The canyon's most iconic landmark is the Christmas Tree Waterfall (Árbol de Navidad), where mineral deposits have created a formation resembling a festively decorated pine tree. Other remarkable features include the Cave of Colors, with its mineral-stained walls, and Roblar Cave, home to significant bat colonies. The Chicoasén Dam, one of Mexico's largest hydroelectric facilities, offers impressive views of human engineering alongside natural wonders. The canyon walls feature several distinct formations including La Cueva del Silencio (Cave of Silence) and El Rostro (The Face), a natural rock formation resembling a human profile.
Cañón del Sumidero experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season runs from November to April with pleasant temperatures averaging 75-85°F (24-29°C), making it ideal for visiting. The rainy season occurs from May to October, bringing afternoon thunderstorms and higher humidity levels. Early morning tours are recommended to avoid both afternoon heat and potential storms. The canyon's unique topography can create interesting microclimates, with cooler temperatures at the base of the canyon walls.
Mexico
16.8510°, -93.0760°
1980
217.9
A deep natural canyon with walls that rise up to 1000 meters above the Grijalva River. The canyon contains endangered species including the Central American river turtle and American crocodile. The park features dramatic cliffs, waterfalls, and caves, making it one of Mexico's most spectacular natural attractions.