The protected area harbors an impressive array of wildlife, including over 400 bird species, 27 medium and large mammal species, and numerous amphibians and reptiles. Notable species include the yellow-tailed woolly monkey (critically endangered and endemic to the region), the Andean cock-of-the-rock, spectacled bear, jaguar, and mountain tapir. The forest is also home to several endemic frog species and serves as an important bird area, hosting numerous migratory and resident species including the endangered Mayo Taczanowski's tinamou.
The Alto Mayo Protection Forest hosts an extraordinary diversity of plant species, including over 300 orchid species, making it one of Peru's richest orchid habitats. The forest contains various vegetation types, from lowland tropical forest to cloud forest ecosystems. Notable species include the endangered San Martin Cedar (Cedrela odorata), numerous bromeliads, and rare medicinal plants used by indigenous communities. The area is also home to several endemic plant species found nowhere else in the world, including the recently discovered Pleurothallis baudoensis orchid.
The forest is situated in the eastern foothills of the Andes Mountains, characterized by dramatic limestone formations and karst topography. The area features steep slopes, deep valleys, and numerous caves formed by water erosion of the limestone bedrock. Elevations range from 750 to 4,000 meters above sea level, creating distinct ecological zones. The underlying geology includes sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic era, and the landscape has been shaped by tectonic activity and erosion processes. Several thermal springs emerge from the limestone formations, indicating ongoing geological activity.
The Alto Mayo Protection Forest was established in 1987 to protect the unique ecosystem of the Alto Mayo Valley and its watershed. This 182,000-hectare protected area has been historically inhabited by the Awajún indigenous communities, who have lived in harmony with the forest for generations. In 2008, Conservation International began working with local communities to implement sustainable forest management practices and develop conservation agreements. The area has faced significant challenges from illegal logging and agricultural expansion, leading to innovative conservation solutions including Peru's first carbon credit program for a protected area.
Key attractions include the Huacharos Cave system, one of the largest in Peru, home to oilbirds and unique cave-dwelling species. The Tingana Private Conservation Area offers excellent opportunities for wildlife viewing and sustainable tourism. The thermal springs of San Mateo provide natural hot pools amid forest scenery. Several viewpoints offer spectacular vistas of the Alto Mayo Valley and surrounding mountains. The forest also features numerous hiking trails, including the popular Yuracyacu trail, which showcases the area's biodiversity and leads to stunning waterfalls.
The Alto Mayo Protection Forest experiences a humid subtropical climate with average temperatures ranging between 18-22°C (64-72°F). The region receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with annual precipitation averaging 1,500-3,000mm. The wettest months are typically February to April and October to December, while relatively drier periods occur from June to August. Morning mists are common in the forest, creating a mystical atmosphere, and humidity levels remain consistently high around 80-90%. Visitors should be prepared for sudden rain showers and varying weather conditions even during the drier season.
Peru
-5.8330°, -77.1670°
1987
1820
Alto Mayo Protection Forest is a protected area in northern Peru known for its cloud forests and rich biodiversity. The park is home to the critically endangered yellow-tailed woolly monkey and over 300 bird species. It plays a crucial role in protecting water resources for downstream communities and preserving unique mountain ecosystems.