Anshi

Anshi National Park protects tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Established in 1987, the park covers approximately 340 square kilometers of rugged terrain characterized by steep hills, deep valleys, and perennial streams. The area is part of the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Anshi's dense forests harbor Bengal tigers, black panthers, Asian elephants, gaur, and endangered lion-tailed macaques found only in the Western Ghats. Over 200 bird species have been recorded.

The park harbors a rich variety of wildlife including Bengal tigers, black panthers, Indian elephants, gaur, and sloth bears. Over 200 species of birds make their home here, including the Great Hornbill and Malabar Pied Hornbill. The area is also known for its diversity of reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies, with many endemic species.

Anshi boasts exceptional botanical diversity with over 1,000 species of flowering plants. The vegetation primarily consists of moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests, with some areas of evergreen forests. Notable species include teak, rosewood, bamboo, and various medicinal plants. The park is also home to several endemic plant species unique to the Western Ghats.

The park is situated in the Western Ghats, one of the world's eight biodiversity hotspots. The terrain is characterized by steep slopes, deep valleys, and numerous streams feeding into the Kali River system. The underlying rock formation consists primarily of Dharwar schists and granites, with rich black soil supporting the diverse vegetation.

Anshi experiences a tropical monsoon climate typical of the Western Ghats region. The park receives heavy rainfall between June and September, with annual precipitation averaging 2,500mm. Winters (November-February) are mild and pleasant with temperatures ranging from 15-25°C, while summers (March-May) can be warm with temperatures reaching 35°C. The best time to visit is between October and March when the weather is most conducive for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities.

Anshi National Park was established in 1987 to protect the unique biodiversity of the Western Ghats. In 2011, it was merged with Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary to form the Kali Tiger Reserve. The area has historical significance dating back to ancient times, with evidence of human settlements and traditional forest-dwelling communities who have lived in harmony with the ecosystem for generations.

Anshi National Park was established in 1987 as part of efforts to conserve rapidly disappearing tropical forests in the Western Ghats. The area had experienced selective logging for valuable timber species during the colonial and early post-independence periods. Recognition of the region's exceptional biodiversity and its importance for watershed protection led to designation as a national park with strict protection measures. The park was later combined administratively with Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary to form the Anshi-Dandeli Tiger Reserve in 2007.

Key attractions include the Syntheri Rocks, a 300-foot monolithic granite structure, and the Kali River which offers opportunities for wildlife viewing and river rafting. The park features numerous trekking trails, waterfalls, and viewpoints. The Ulvi temple, an ancient structure within the park, adds cultural significance to the natural heritage.

Access to Anshi National Park is typically through the town of Dandeli, which has become a hub for ecotourism and adventure activities. The nearest airports are Hubli (75 km) and Goa (100 km). The park has limited visitor infrastructure with few marked trails. Entry requires permits from forest department offices, and safaris are conducted in designated zones with authorized guides. The best visiting season is October to May when weather is pleasant.

Conservation at Anshi National Park focuses on protecting remaining old-growth forests and recovering tiger populations through anti-poaching efforts and habitat restoration. The park implements strict protection in core zones while allowing limited regulated activities in buffer areas. Elephant conservation is significant given the area's role in a major elephant corridor connecting populations across the Western Ghats. Human-elephant conflict mitigation includes electric fencing and early warning systems.