The park is renowned for its rich marine biodiversity, hosting over 1,000 species of fish, 200 species of coral, and numerous other marine organisms. Notable species include dugongs, dolphins, sea turtles (including the endangered hawksbill and leatherback turtles), and various species of colorful reef fish. The waters are home to parrotfish, angelfish, butterflyfish, and occasional visits from whale sharks. The mangrove areas support various crustaceans, mollusks, and water birds. The park also provides sanctuary for several endangered species and plays a vital role in their conservation.
The marine park hosts a diverse range of flora, including extensive mangrove forests that line the coastal areas. These mangroves, comprising species like Rhizophora and Avicennia, play a crucial role in coastal protection and as nurseries for marine life. The underwater flora includes various species of seagrass, which provide essential feeding grounds for dugongs and sea turtles. The park also features numerous species of algae and seaweed, contributing to the marine ecosystem's health. On the islands, tropical vegetation includes littoral forests and beach vegetation adapted to coastal conditions.
The park's geological formation is characterized by coral reefs, rocky shores, and mangrove-lined creeks. The islands within the park are primarily composed of sedimentary rocks and coral formations that emerged through tectonic activity. The underwater topography features extensive fringing reefs, patch reefs, and sandy bottoms. The park's unique geological structure provides various marine habitats, from shallow coral gardens to deeper channels. The coastline exhibits interesting patterns of erosion and deposition, creating diverse underwater landscapes that support rich marine life.
Established in 1983, Wandoor Marine National Park, also known as Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, was created to protect the rich marine ecosystem of the Andaman Islands. The park covers an area of 281.5 square kilometers and encompasses 15 islands. Historically, these waters were part of traditional fishing grounds for indigenous Andamanese communities. The park's establishment marked a significant step in India's marine conservation efforts, becoming one of the country's first marine protected areas. It has since played a crucial role in preserving the region's coral reefs and marine biodiversity.
The park's most distinctive features include its pristine coral reefs, particularly around Jolly Buoy and Red Skin islands, which are popular for snorkeling and glass-bottom boat rides. The crystal-clear waters offer excellent visibility for underwater activities. The park's interpretation center at Wandoor provides valuable information about marine ecosystems. Unique features include underwater coral gardens, sea caves, and mangrove creeks. The park implements a rotation system between Jolly Buoy and Red Skin islands to manage tourism impact, with only one island open to visitors at a time to allow ecosystem recovery.
Wandoor Marine National Park experiences a tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 23°C and 30°C throughout the year. The region has two primary seasons: a dry season from December to April and a wet monsoon season from May to November. The best time to visit is during the dry season when the waters are clearest for snorkeling and diving. Humidity levels remain high year-round, typically between 70-90%. Visitors should note that the park may have restricted access during severe weather conditions, particularly during the monsoon months when cyclones can occur.
India
11.6030°, 92.6080°
1983
281.5
Wandoor Marine National Park is a protected marine ecosystem featuring pristine coral reefs and diverse marine life. The park encompasses several small islands and is home to various species of coral, tropical fish, and sea turtles. It serves as an important conservation area for marine biodiversity in the Andaman Sea.