Umpqua Myrtle

Umpqua Myrtle State Natural Site is a botanical preserve in Douglas County, Oregon, protecting a significant grove of California myrtle (Oregon myrtle or bay laurel) trees. The site preserves one of the largest and finest stands of this aromatic evergreen tree in Oregon, representing the northern extent of its range. The myrtle wood has been prized for woodworking and furniture making, and the grove provides an opportunity to experience these remarkable trees in their natural forest setting.

The myrtle grove and surrounding mixed forest support wildlife typical of southwestern Oregon's forests. Band-tailed pigeons feed on myrtle berries in season. Black-tailed deer browse in the understory. Varied thrushes, Pacific wrens, and brown creepers forage through the multilayered forest. The mature trees provide cavity habitat for woodpeckers and owls. The forest floor supports populations of ensatina and Oregon slender salamanders. The mixed forest structure provides habitat diversity that supports a wider range of species than a single-species stand would.

The centerpiece is the California myrtle (Umbellularia californica), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen tree that can reach over 100 feet tall and 500 years in age. The trees have distinctive lance-shaped leaves that emit a strong, peppery fragrance when crushed. Associated species include Douglas-fir, bigleaf maple, and tanoak. The understory features Oregon grape, salal, and sword fern. The myrtle trees produce small greenish-yellow flowers followed by olive-like fruits. The grove represents an important botanical resource at the northern limit of the species' range.

The site is underlain by sedimentary formations of the Coast Range, including sandstones and mudstones deposited in ancient marine environments. The soils derived from these formations are productive and well-drained, supporting the vigorous growth of the myrtle trees. The terrain is gently rolling, characteristic of the Umpqua Valley foothills. Stream erosion has shaped the local topography over millions of years.

The Umpqua Valley climate is mild with a Mediterranean influence, featuring warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Temperatures are moderate, rarely exceeding 95°F in summer or dropping below 20°F in winter. Annual precipitation averages 40-50 inches. The relatively mild winters allow the evergreen myrtle trees to thrive near the northern limit of their range. Summer drought stress is moderated by the deep soils and the protective effect of the forest canopy.

Native peoples of the Umpqua Valley, including the Upper Umpqua and Cow Creek Band of Umpqua, used myrtle leaves and berries for various purposes. The aromatic leaves served as a spice and insect repellent. Euro-American settlers discovered the commercial value of the beautifully grained myrtlewood, which became the basis for a significant craft industry in southwestern Oregon. Myrtle wood shops offering bowls, carvings, and furniture remain popular tourist attractions throughout the region.

Umpqua Myrtle State Natural Site was designated to protect this exceptional grove of California myrtle trees from logging and development. The site reflects Oregon's commitment to preserving noteworthy botanical features that represent the state's natural heritage. The natural site designation emphasizes ecological preservation with minimal development, ensuring that the grove will continue to thrive for future generations.

The grove offers a short trail through the myrtle forest, allowing visitors to appreciate the size and character of these remarkable trees. The aromatic quality of the forest, especially when crushed leaves release their distinctive scent, is a notable sensory experience. The site appeals to botanists, nature photographers, and anyone interested in Oregon's diverse tree species. Nearby attractions include the Umpqua River corridor and the many wineries of the Umpqua Valley.

Umpqua Myrtle State Natural Site is located in the Umpqua Valley in Douglas County, accessible from local roads. Facilities are minimal, consistent with the natural site designation. The nearest full visitor services are in Roseburg, the Douglas County seat. The Umpqua Valley is known for its wine industry, and numerous tasting rooms are within easy driving distance.

Conservation focuses on protecting the myrtle grove from threats including logging, fire, and disease. The trees are susceptible to sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum), a disease that has devastated tanoak and bay laurel populations in California and has been detected in southwestern Oregon. Monitoring for this pathogen and preventing its spread are critical management priorities. Climate change may affect the species' range and health, though the myrtle's drought tolerance provides some resilience.