The island's diverse ecosystems support a rich variety of wildlife, including European bison in Wolin National Park (reintroduced in 1976). The area is an important bird habitat, with white-tailed eagles, cormorants, and numerous migratory species. Marine mammals such as grey seals can be spotted along the coast, while the forests host deer, wild boar, and various small mammals. The waters around Wolin are rich in fish species including cod, herring, and salmon.
Wolin National Park showcases diverse vegetation zones including beech forests, pine woods, and coastal plant communities. The island hosts over 1,300 species of vascular plants, including rare coastal and dune vegetation. Notable species include sea holly (Eryngium maritimum), common sea-buckthorn, and various orchid species. The beech forests are particularly significant, representing typical Central European woodland communities.
The island of Wolin was formed during the last ice age through glacial processes, resulting in its diverse geological features. It consists primarily of moraine deposits, with dramatic cliff formations along its northern coast, including the highest cliff on the Baltic coast at Gosań (93 meters). The island's structure includes glacial till, sand deposits, and erratic boulders, while its western side features extensive sand dunes and beaches.
Wolin's rich history dates back to the early Middle Ages when it was a major Viking settlement and trading hub known as Jomsborg. The island was home to the legendary Jomsvikings and served as a crucial Baltic trading post between the 9th and 12th centuries. Archaeological evidence reveals extensive commercial networks with Scandinavia and other Baltic regions. The medieval town of Wolin was one of the most important ports in the Baltic Sea region, though it gradually declined in importance after the 12th century.
Wolin's most distinctive features include the dramatic Gosań Cliff, the historic Viking village reconstruction at Jomsborg, and the pristine beaches along its northern coast. The island contains Wolin National Park, Poland's only maritime national park, established in 1960. The park's unique combination of coastal cliffs, beaches, lakes, and forests makes it a major tourist attraction. The annual Slavs and Vikings Festival celebrates the island's Viking heritage, drawing thousands of visitors.
Wolin experiences a temperate maritime climate characterized by mild summers and relatively moderate winters. Average summer temperatures range from 17-22°C (63-72°F), while winter temperatures typically hover between 0-4°C (32-39°F). The island receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with slightly higher precipitation in summer and autumn. The Baltic Sea influence creates frequent coastal breezes and moderates temperature extremes.
Poland
53.9300°, 14.4570°
1960
109.37
Wolin National Park is located on Poland's largest island and features dramatic cliff coastlines along the Baltic Sea. The park protects unique coastal and forest ecosystems, including beech forests and coastal dunes. It is famous for its European bison breeding center and diverse bird populations.