The park is home to diverse wildlife, including large predators such as brown bears, wolves, and wolverines. The area supports Finland's largest wild forest reindeer population, alongside moose and various smaller mammals like Arctic foxes and lemmings. Bird species are abundant, with residents including the Siberian jay, golden eagle, and willow ptarmigan. The park's numerous streams and lakes host Arctic char and grayling, making it a significant habitat for both terrestrial and aquatic species.
The park's vegetation varies from northern boreal forests to treeless arctic-alpine tundra at higher elevations. The lower regions feature dense pine forests interspersed with spruce and birch, while the fell tops support hardy arctic species like mountain avens and alpine bearberry. Extensive wetlands and mires harbor specialized plant communities, including various species of sedges, cottongrass, and rare orchids. The short growing season has led to unique adaptations among the plant species.
The park's landscape was shaped by the last ice age, featuring dramatic fells, vast wilderness areas, and unique geological formations. The Koilliskaira region contains some of Finland's oldest bedrock, dating back nearly 3 billion years. Notable geological features include the Sokosti Fell, rising 718 meters above sea level, and numerous gorges carved by glacial activity. The area also contains extensive networks of eskers and moraines, creating a diverse topographical landscape.
The park, established in 1983, is named after Finland's longest-serving president, Urho Kekkonen, who was known for his love of hiking in this region. The area has a rich cultural heritage dating back thousands of years, with evidence of Sámi settlements and reindeer herding traditions. Historical gold prospecting sites from the late 19th century can still be found within the park, particularly around the Suomujoki and Ivalojoki rivers. The park continues to support traditional Sámi reindeer husbandry, maintaining this important cultural practice.
Key attractions include the iconic Sokosti Fell, offering panoramic views of the surrounding wilderness, and the historic gold prospecting areas along the Ivalojoki River. The park contains over 200 kilometers of marked hiking trails, including the popular Nuortti Canyon trail and the challenging Saariselkä hiking area. Traditional wilderness huts, some dating back to the gold rush era, provide shelter for hikers. The Aurora Borealis can be viewed here during winter months, while summer offers opportunities for midnight sun experiences.
Urho Kekkonen National Park experiences a subarctic climate with distinct seasonal variations. Winters are long and cold, lasting from October to April, with temperatures often dropping below -20°C (-4°F) and permanent snow cover. Summers are brief but mild, with temperatures ranging from 10-20°C (50-68°F) and experiencing the midnight sun phenomenon. Spring and autumn are short transition seasons marked by rapidly changing conditions. Visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes year-round, with proper clothing and equipment essential for safety.
Finland
68.3330°, 28.1670°
1983
2550
Urho Kekkonen National Park is one of Finland's largest wilderness areas, featuring vast fells, old-growth forests, and pristine rivers. The park offers excellent opportunities for hiking, skiing, and experiencing the northern lights. It's a popular destination for both day trips and extended wilderness expeditions.