The park supports a rich diversity of wildlife, including Newfoundland's largest land mammal, the moose, along with black bears, lynx, and various small mammals. The coastal waters host whales, seals, and diverse marine life. Bird enthusiasts can observe over 200 species, including ospreys, bald eagles, and various seabirds. The park's numerous ponds and streams are home to native brook trout and Atlantic salmon.
Terra Nova's vegetation reflects its position in the boreal forest ecosystem, dominated by black spruce and balsam fir trees. The park contains diverse plant communities, from coastal heath and bogs to inland forests. Notable species include carnivorous plants like pitcher plants and sundews in the bog areas, while coastal regions feature hardy plants adapted to salt spray and strong winds. The park protects several rare plant species within its boundaries.
The park showcases classic Appalachian geology, featuring exposed bedrock that dates back over 500 million years. The landscape was dramatically shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, resulting in characteristic U-shaped valleys, erratics, and deeply indented coastlines. The region's bedrock consists primarily of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, with notable formations of slate, sandstone, and conglomerate that tell the story of ancient mountain-building events.
Terra Nova, established in 1957, became Newfoundland's first national park after the province joined Canadian Confederation. The area has a rich history of human habitation dating back thousands of years, first by Indigenous peoples including the Beothuk and Mi'kmaq, and later by European settlers who utilized the region for logging and fishing. The park's name, 'Terra Nova,' means 'New Land' in Latin and was one of the early names given to Newfoundland by European explorers.
Terra Nova's most distinctive features include its deeply indented coastline with numerous sheltered inlets and fjords, offering excellent opportunities for sea kayaking and boating. The park's extensive network of hiking trails, including the coastal Coastal Trail and inland Blue Hill Pond Trail, provides access to spectacular viewpoints. Newman Sound, the park's largest inlet, serves as a centerpiece for many recreational activities and showcases the dramatic meeting of land and sea characteristic of Newfoundland's coast.
Terra Nova National Park experiences a maritime climate characterized by cool summers and relatively mild winters for its latitude. Summer temperatures typically range from 10°C to 20°C (50-68°F), while winters average between -8°C and 0°C (18-32°F). The park receives significant precipitation throughout the year, with frequent fog along the coast and annual snowfall averaging 250cm. Visitors should be prepared for quickly changing weather conditions typical of Newfoundland's coastal environment.
Canada
48.5000°, -53.9670°
1957
399
Terra Nova National Park is Newfoundland and Labrador's easternmost national park. The park extends from the rugged coastline of Newman Sound into sheltered forest areas, featuring a mixture of boreal forest and rocky headlands. The park protects numerous species of plants, mammals and birds, while providing opportunities for outdoor recreation.