Fauna
The region provides habitat for diverse wildlife, particularly seabirds and marine mammals. Common species include Arctic foxes, the only native terrestrial mammal in Iceland, and various seabirds such as fulmars, kittiwakes, and puffins nesting on coastal cliffs. The surrounding waters host seals, and occasionally whales can be spotted from the shore. The area is also an important stopover for migratory birds during spring and autumn.
Flora
Despite harsh conditions, Snæfellsjökull supports a remarkable variety of Arctic and alpine vegetation. The lower slopes host hardy species like Arctic thyme, moss campion, and various lichens. Mountain avens, the national flower of Iceland, thrives in the area, while coastal regions feature lush meadows during summer months. The park contains over 260 species of flowering plants, demonstrating remarkable adaptation to extreme environments.
Geology
This stratovolcano, crowned with a glacier, stands 1,446 meters (4,744 feet) above sea level and was formed during multiple eruptions over the past 800,000 years. The most recent eruption occurred around 1750 years ago. The mountain features diverse volcanic formations including lava tubes, craters, and basaltic lava fields. The glacier cap, though shrinking due to climate change, covers approximately 10 square kilometers and significantly influences the mountain's geological processes.
History
Snæfellsjökull has held profound cultural significance throughout Iceland's history, featuring prominently in Norse mythology and literature. Most famously, it served as the entrance point to the Earth's center in Jules Verne's 'Journey to the Center of the Earth' (1864). The area has been inhabited since the Viking Age, with numerous archaeological sites revealing centuries of human settlement. In 2001, the surrounding region was designated as Snæfellsjökull National Park, marking Iceland's fourth national park.
Notable Features
Beyond its iconic glacier-capped peak, Snæfellsjökull offers numerous remarkable features including Sönghellir (the 'Singing Cave'), known for its unique acoustics and ancient runic inscriptions. The Djúpalónssandur black pearl beach showcases dramatic coastal formations and historical shipwreck remains. The mountain's perfect conical shape and spiritual significance have led many to consider it one of Earth's major energy centers, attracting both scientists and mystics.
Climate & Weather
Snæfellsjökull experiences typical Icelandic maritime climate conditions, characterized by unpredictable and rapidly changing weather patterns. Average temperatures range from -5°C in winter to 12°C in summer, with frequent precipitation throughout the year. The glacier-topped volcano creates its own microclimate, often shrouded in mist and subject to strong winds. Visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes and pack appropriate all-weather gear regardless of season.