The wildlife in Sila National Park is diverse and includes several protected species. Large mammals such as the Italian wolf, wild cat, and roe deer inhabit the forests. The park is also home to the black woodpecker, goshawk, and various eagles among its bird species. Notable smaller fauna includes the Italian fire salamander, spectacled salamander, and various endemic insects. The park's lakes support a rich aquatic ecosystem including trout and other freshwater species.
The park boasts remarkable biodiversity with over 1,000 plant species. The dominant vegetation includes extensive forests of Calabrian Pine (Pinus nigra laricio), which are among the oldest in Europe, some reaching heights of 45 meters and ages of 350 years. Other significant species include beech forests at higher elevations, while the understory features holly, mountain maple, and various endemic plants. The park is also home to numerous medicinal herbs and wild mushroom species.
The park is situated on the Sila massif, a granite plateau that forms part of the Calabrian Apennines. The geological formation dates back to the Paleozoic era, with elevations ranging from 600 to 1,928 meters (at Mount Botte Donato). The landscape features ancient crystalline rocks, predominantly granite and gneiss, shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age. This geological history has created a distinctive landscape of rounded peaks, deep valleys, and numerous lakes of both natural and artificial origin.
The Sila region has been inhabited since ancient times, with the first documented settlements dating back to the Greeks and Romans. The area was historically known for its vast forests that provided timber for shipbuilding. In medieval times, it was home to various monastic communities, including Byzantine monks. The national park was officially established in 1997 to protect the region's natural and cultural heritage, encompassing approximately 73,695 hectares across the provinces of Cosenza, Crotone, and Catanzaro.
Key attractions include the Lorica and Cecita artificial lakes, which offer opportunities for water sports and fishing. The Cupone Visitor Center provides educational exhibits about the park's ecosystem. The Giganti della Sila, a grove of centuries-old pine trees, is a must-see attraction. The park also features numerous hiking trails, including the famous Gole del Trionto, ski facilities at Lorica and Camigliatello Silano, and several historic villages. The area is renowned for its traditional products, including mushrooms, potatoes, and various dairy products, particularly the famous Caciocavallo Silano cheese.
The Sila National Park experiences a typical Mediterranean mountain climate, characterized by cool summers and cold winters with significant snowfall. Average summer temperatures range from 20-25°C (68-77°F), while winter temperatures often drop below freezing, especially at higher elevations. The park receives substantial precipitation throughout the year, with October to March being the wettest period. Snow typically covers the higher areas from December to March, making it a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts.
Italy
39.3330°, 16.6000°
2002
737
Sila National Park encompasses a vast plateau in Calabria known for its extensive forests of pine and beech trees. The park features three artificial lakes - Arvo, Ampollino, and Cecita - which are popular for recreational activities. The area is characterized by its unique microclimate and is home to rare wildlife including the Italian Wolf and Black Woodpecker.