Selkämeri hosts diverse marine and coastal wildlife. The waters support healthy populations of Baltic herring, European perch, and various seal species, including the endangered Baltic ringed seal. The archipelago serves as a crucial breeding ground for seabirds such as common eiders, Arctic terns, and black guillemots. White-tailed eagles are frequently spotted soaring overhead. The underwater ecosystem harbors various fish species and invertebrates essential to the marine food web.
The park's vegetation exhibits clear zonation from shoreline to inland areas. Coastal meadows feature salt-tolerant species like sea arrowgrass and seaside plantain. The islands support hardy plants adapted to maritime conditions, including juniper thickets and coastal pine forests. Rare species such as the yellow iris and sea sandwort thrive in this unique environment. The underwater flora includes extensive beds of bladder wrack and various species of aquatic plants, forming crucial marine habitats.
The coastline of Selkämeri showcases classic features of post-glacial landscapes, shaped by the last ice age and ongoing land uplift (approximately 6mm annually). The area features smooth granite outcrops, moraine formations, and numerous small islands created by glacial activity. The shallow waters and gradual slope of the seabed are characteristic of the region, while the continuous land uplift process creates new islands and expands existing ones, making it a living laboratory of geological processes.
Selkämeri has been a vital maritime region since medieval times, playing a crucial role in trade routes between Finland and Sweden. The area's numerous lighthouses, including the historic Säppi Lighthouse built in 1873, stand as testament to its rich maritime heritage. Traditional fishing communities have inhabited the coastal areas for centuries, developing unique cultural practices and architectural styles adapted to coastal living. The region was designated as a National Park in 2011 to preserve both its natural and cultural heritage.
The park encompasses over 900 square kilometers of marine and coastal areas, featuring a stunning archipelago landscape. Key attractions include the historic Säppi and Kylmäpihlaja lighthouses, traditional fishing villages, and well-preserved coastal meadows. The area offers excellent opportunities for boating, fishing, and birdwatching. Underwater nature trails provide unique glimpses of marine life, while hiking trails on islands showcase coastal landscapes. The park's location and facilities make it accessible for both day visits and extended stays.
Selkämeri experiences a humid continental climate typical of southern Finland's coastal regions. Summers are mild with average temperatures between 15-20°C (59-68°F), while winters are cold with temperatures often dropping below freezing. The sea moderates temperature extremes compared to inland areas. The area receives significant precipitation throughout the year, with slightly higher rainfall in autumn. Sea ice typically forms in winter months from December to March, creating unique conditions for winter activities and wildlife.
Finland
61.1330°, 21.3000°
2011
915
Selkämeri National Park is a marine park located in the Bothnian Sea. It features numerous islands, underwater reefs, and rich marine life. The park is known for its pristine waters, historic lighthouses, and fishing heritage sites. It offers excellent opportunities for boating, fishing, and exploring coastal nature.