The park's wildlife includes several iconic Andean species. Vicuñas, the wild relatives of llamas, are commonly seen grazing on the plains, alongside domesticated llamas and alpacas. Other notable mammals include the Andean fox, viscacha (a relative of chinchillas), and occasionally pumas. The park is home to three species of flamingos that inhabit the high-altitude lakes and wetlands. Notable birds include the Andean condor, puna tinamou, and various species of ground-tyrants and miners adapted to high-altitude environments.
Despite the harsh high-altitude environment, Sajama harbors remarkable plant diversity. The park contains the world's highest forest of queñua trees (Polylepis tarapacana), growing at altitudes up to 5,200 meters. The vegetation includes various species of bunch grasses (particularly Festuca and Stipa), cushion plants like yareta (Azorella compacta), and numerous medicinal plants used by local communities. Different ecological zones support distinct plant communities, from high-altitude puna grasslands to wetland vegetation around bofedales (high-altitude wetlands).
The park is dominated by Nevado Sajama, an extinct stratovolcano and Bolivia's highest peak at 6,542 meters (21,463 ft). The landscape features numerous volcanic formations, including hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles, resulting from past volcanic activity. The terrain consists of high-altitude plains (puna) formed by quaternary deposits, interspersed with volcanic rocks and ash deposits. Notable geological features include ancient glacial valleys, moraines, and unique rock formations shaped by wind erosion and extreme temperature variations.
Established in 1939, Sajama National Park is Bolivia's oldest national park, created primarily to protect the native queñua forests and wildlife. The area has been inhabited by Aymara communities for centuries, who have traditionally used the land for llama and alpaca herding. The park contains numerous archaeological sites, including ancient chullpas (burial towers) and rock art dating back to pre-Columbian times. The region played a significant role in trade routes between the Altiplano and Pacific coast, evidenced by remaining portions of Incan roads and tambos (way stations).
Beyond Nevado Sajama, the park features several other attractions including the Kasiri and Parinacota twin volcanoes, numerous hot springs with temperatures reaching 80°C, and the picturesque Huayna Khota and Chiar Khota lakes. Ancient chullpas dot the landscape, particularly around the village of Sajama. The park contains extensive bofedales (wetlands) that support local livestock and wildlife. Geothermal features include the Juntuma and Kasilla geysers, which are among the world's highest. The park also offers excellent opportunities for mountaineering, hiking, and cultural tourism in traditional Aymara communities.
Sajama National Park experiences a high-altitude cold climate typical of the Bolivian Altiplano. Temperatures range from -10°C to 15°C (14°F to 59°F), with significant daily fluctuations. The dry season runs from May to October with clear skies and intense sun, while the wet season (November to April) brings afternoon thunderstorms and occasional snow. Night temperatures frequently drop below freezing throughout the year. The thin air at this altitude (4,200-6,542m) means visitors should take time to acclimatize and protect themselves from intense UV radiation.
Bolivia
-18.1330°, -68.9330°
1939
1002
Sajama is Bolivia's oldest national park, featuring the country's highest peak, Mount Sajama. The park protects high-altitude ecosystems including ancient queñua forests and geothermal features. It's home to various Andean wildlife species including vicuñas and flamingos.