The park is home to diverse wildlife, particularly birds, with over 300 species recorded. The piping plover, an endangered shorebird, nests on the park's beaches. Red foxes are commonly seen, and coyotes have become established in recent years. The waters off the coast host harbor seals, and various whale species can be spotted during migration periods. The park's wetlands support numerous amphibians and waterfowl, while woodland areas shelter white-tailed deer, snowshoe hares, and various small mammals. The rich marine ecosystem includes various fish species and shellfish.
The park's vegetation includes diverse coastal and woodland ecosystems. Marram grass plays a crucial role in stabilizing the dune systems, while bayberry and wild rose thrive in the coastal areas. The woodland areas feature mixed forests of white spruce, balsam fir, and yellow birch. Salt marshes support specialized plants like cordgrass and sea lavender. The park also protects several rare plant species, including the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster and the Maritime ringlet butterfly's host plant, sea lavender. Beach pea and various wildflowers add color to the coastal landscape during summer months.
The park's distinctive red sandstone cliffs and beaches are composed of sedimentary rock formed during the Permian period, roughly 250 million years ago. The vibrant red color comes from high iron oxide content in the sandstone. Coastal erosion continues to shape the landscape, with cliffs eroding at an average rate of 1-2 meters per year. The park features extensive dune systems, formed by wind-blown sand accumulation over thousands of years. Barrier islands, spits, and salt marshes are also prominent geological features, created through ongoing coastal processes of erosion and deposition.
The park was established in 1937 to protect the unique coastal landscape and cultural heritage of PEI's north shore. The area has been home to Mi'kmaq people for thousands of years before European settlement. The region gained international fame through Lucy Maud Montgomery's 'Anne of Green Gables' novels, with Green Gables Heritage Place now a key attraction within the park. The park's coastline has witnessed numerous shipwrecks throughout history, and several historic lighthouses still stand as testament to the maritime heritage. The area also played a significant role in the 1864 Charlottetown Conference, which led to Canadian Confederation.
The park's most iconic features include the stunning red sandstone cliffs and pristine white sand beaches stretching along the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Green Gables Heritage Place, immortalized in L.M. Montgomery's novels, draws visitors worldwide. The Greenwich Dunes Trail, featuring a floating boardwalk, provides access to one of the park's most unique ecosystems. Dalvay-by-the-Sea, a National Historic Site and former summer home, now operates as a hotel. The park also features extensive cycling trails, including the Gulf Shore Way, and several historic lighthouses. The Cavendish area offers dramatic coastal views and popular swimming beaches.
Prince Edward Island National Park experiences a maritime climate with warm summers and cold winters. Summer temperatures typically range from 20-25°C (68-77°F), while winters average -3 to -11°C (27-12°F). The park receives significant precipitation throughout the year, with annual rainfall around 900mm. July and August are the warmest and driest months, ideal for beach activities. Spring and fall bring mild temperatures and occasional storms, while winters feature snow and strong winds. Ocean temperatures are warmest in August, reaching about 20°C (68°F), making it the peak season for swimming.
Canada
46.4170°, -63.0830°
1937
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Prince Edward Island National Park features stunning red sandstone cliffs, miles of sandy beaches, and rolling dunes along the island's north shore. The park includes Green Gables Heritage Place, which inspired the setting for L.M. Montgomery's classic novel. It protects rare dune systems and wetlands while providing habitat for numerous bird species.