The park is home to diverse wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the endangered huemul (Andean deer), guanacos, pumas, Andean foxes, and various small rodents. The avian population is particularly rich, featuring Andean condors, black-browed albatrosses, flamingos, and numerous waterfowl species around the lakes. The park's waters contain various fish species, including introduced rainbow and brown trout. Several endemic species can be found here, making it an important conservation area for Patagonian wildlife. The park also serves as a crucial habitat for the endangered hooded grebe during its breeding season.
The park represents a unique transition zone between Patagonian steppe and Andean-Patagonian forest ecosystems. The vegetation includes extensive areas of lenga beech (Nothofagus pumilio) forests, particularly in the western regions. The eastern sections feature typical steppe vegetation with coirón grasses, calafate bushes, and other hardy shrubs adapted to the windy conditions. Alpine meadows can be found at higher elevations, displaying colorful wildflowers during summer months. The park also contains significant stands of ñire trees (Nothofagus antarctica) and various species of native berries and flowers that have adapted to the harsh climate.
The park's landscape was significantly shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age, resulting in dramatic geological features including deep valleys, moraines, and glacial lakes. The terrain is characterized by the transition between the Andes Mountains and the Patagonian steppe, with elevations ranging from about 900 to 2,770 meters above sea level. The park contains various volcanic formations and basaltic plateaus formed during periods of intense volcanic activity millions of years ago. The most prominent geological features include the Belgrano Peninsula and numerous glacial lakes, including Lake Belgrano and Lake Burmeister.
The park was established in 1937 and named after Francisco Moreno, a prominent Argentine explorer and scientist who played a crucial role in defending Argentina's territorial claims in Patagonia. The area has been home to indigenous peoples for thousands of years, with evidence of Tehuelche settlements dating back several millennia. Rock art sites within the park, particularly at Cueva de las Manos (though technically just outside the park), demonstrate human presence dating back approximately 9,000 years. The park was created to protect the unique Patagonian forest-steppe transition zone and its diverse wildlife populations, becoming one of Argentina's first national parks.
The park's most striking features include Lake Belgrano, with its stunning turquoise waters and surrounding mountains, and the Belgrano Peninsula, which offers spectacular views of the landscape. The park contains several significant archaeological sites, including rock art locations that provide insights into ancient human habitation. The Belgrano River system, with its connected lakes and waterways, creates a unique aquatic ecosystem. Notable hiking trails include the Cerro León trek, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, and the Peninsula Trail, which provides excellent opportunities for wildlife observation. The park's location away from major tourist routes has helped preserve its pristine nature, making it one of Patagonia's less-visited but most rewarding destinations.
Perito Moreno National Park experiences a cold semi-arid climate typical of Patagonian steppe regions. Summers (December to February) are mild with average temperatures between 15-20°C (59-68°F), while winters (June to August) are cold with temperatures often dropping below freezing, ranging from -2°C to 5°C (28-41°F). The park receives moderate rainfall throughout the year, with slightly higher precipitation in winter months. Strong westerly winds are common year-round, particularly in spring and summer, making windproof clothing essential for visitors. Snow is common in winter, creating challenging conditions for hiking and exploration.
Argentina
-47.7830°, -72.1670°
1937
1150
Perito Moreno National Park features dramatic Andean landscapes with glacial lakes and snow-capped peaks. The park protects diverse wildlife including pumas, guanacos, and Andean condors. It contains well-preserved examples of Patagonian forest and steppe ecosystems.