The park provides habitat for various Patagonian wildlife species, with guanacos (Lama guanicoe) being the most prominent large mammals. Other notable species include grey foxes (Lycalopex griseus), Patagonian skunks, and several rodent species. The area is also important for birds, hosting species such as Darwin's rhea (Rhea pennata), upland geese (Chloephaga picta), and various birds of prey including caracaras and eagles. The volcanic caves provide shelter for several bat species, while the open steppes support populations of small mammals and ground-dwelling birds.
Despite the harsh climate and volcanic terrain, the park supports a diverse array of plant life adapted to the extreme conditions. The vegetation is characterized by low-growing Patagonian steppe species, including coirón grass (Festuca gracillima), mata negra shrubs (Chiliotrichum diffusum), and calafate bushes (Berberis buxifolia). Small cushion plants and hardy lichens colonize the volcanic rocks, while more sheltered areas support dwarf shrubs and other wind-resistant species. The plant communities have evolved to withstand both the strong winds and the challenging soil conditions created by the volcanic substrate.
Pali Aike showcases a dramatic volcanic landscape formed during the Quaternary period, featuring over 450 volcanic cones, maars (explosion craters), and extensive lava fields. The park's volcanic activity occurred between 2 million and 10,000 years ago, creating a unique geomorphological complex. The most distinctive features are the black basaltic formations, cinder cones, and maar craters formed by explosive interactions between magma and groundwater. The landscape also includes numerous caves and lava tubes, some of which contain important archaeological remains. The volcanic field is part of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field, one of the southernmost volcanic regions in South America.
The park's name comes from the Aonikenk (Tehuelche) indigenous people, with 'Pali Aike' meaning 'Desolate Place' in their language. Archaeological evidence suggests human habitation in the area dating back approximately 11,000 years, with numerous cave shelters containing ancient rock art and artifacts. The region was traditionally inhabited by nomadic hunter-gatherer groups who followed guanaco herds. The park was established in 1970 to protect both its unique volcanic landscape and archaeological heritage, including important paleontological sites that have yielded significant findings about early human settlement in southern South America.
Key attractions include the Pali Aike Crater, one of the park's largest volcanic formations, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The Cueva Pali Aike and other caves contain significant archaeological remains and rock art. The park's extensive network of volcanic cones and craters creates an otherworldly landscape that's particularly striking at sunrise and sunset. Visitors can explore several marked hiking trails that wind through the volcanic field, offering close-up views of geological formations and opportunities for wildlife observation. The park also features interpretive signs explaining its geological and archaeological significance, making it an important site for both scientific research and eco-tourism.
Pali Aike experiences a semi-arid cold climate typical of southern Patagonia. The park receives relatively low rainfall, averaging 200-300mm annually, with precipitation distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. Strong westerly winds are a constant presence, particularly in summer months (December-February). Temperatures range from around 0°C (32°F) in winter to 15°C (59°F) in summer, though nighttime temperatures can drop below freezing year-round. The park's exposed location means weather conditions can change rapidly, and visitors should be prepared for sudden shifts in temperature and wind conditions.
Chile
-52.0830°, -69.7000°
1970
50
Pali Aike National Park is known for its unique volcanic landscapes and archaeological significance. The park contains evidence of early human habitation dating back thousands of years. Its volcanic formations and caves create an otherworldly landscape in the Patagonian steppe.