The park is home to a rich diversity of marine life, including over 70 species of fish, such as parrotfish, angelfish, and groupers. The coral reefs support numerous invertebrates, including various species of coral, sponges, and mollusks. Notable marine species include queen conch, spiny lobster, and sea turtles (green, hawksbill, and loggerhead). Bird species are abundant, with frigatebirds, brown pelicans, and various herons frequently spotted. The mangrove areas serve as nursery grounds for many fish species and are home to the endemic Providence Island black crab.
The park boasts diverse vegetation zones, including extensive mangrove forests dominated by red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The terrestrial areas feature tropical dry forest vegetation with species such as cedar, mahogany, and various palm trees. Seagrass beds in the lagoon are dominated by Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme. The coral reefs host various species of algae essential to the marine ecosystem. The park also contains several endemic plant species unique to the Providencia Island ecosystem.
The park's geological formation is primarily of volcanic origin, dating back to the Miocene epoch. The area features a complex system of coral reefs, which have developed over thousands of years. The lagoon itself is protected by a barrier reef system that extends along the eastern coast. The park's terrestrial area includes Iron Wood Hill, a prominent volcanic formation reaching 150 meters above sea level. The coastline consists of coral limestone platforms, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. The underwater topography includes coral formations, seagrass beds, and a complex network of channels that facilitate water exchange between the lagoon and the open ocean.
Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park was established in 1995 to protect the vital marine and terrestrial ecosystems of Providencia Island. The area has rich historical significance, with ties to English Puritans who settled in the 17th century and later became a haven for pirates, including the famous Henry Morgan. The park's name comes from McBean Lagoon, named after a prominent local family. The protected area was created in response to growing concerns about coral reef degradation and the need to preserve the island's unique biodiversity. The park encompasses both marine and terrestrial environments, including mangroves that have been used by local communities for centuries.
Key attractions include Crab Cay (Cayo Cangrejo), a small islet offering panoramic views of the lagoon and surrounding waters. The barrier reef system is one of the largest in the Americas, providing excellent snorkeling and diving opportunities. Three Bays Beach offers pristine white sand beaches and calm waters. The mangrove tunnels provide unique kayaking experiences through natural channels. Iron Wood Hill offers hiking trails with spectacular views of the Caribbean Sea. The park's visitor center provides educational exhibits about the local ecosystem and cultural heritage. The clear waters of the lagoon, with visibility often exceeding 30 meters, make it ideal for underwater photography and marine life observation.
The park experiences a tropical climate typical of the Caribbean region, with average temperatures ranging between 25-30°C (77-86°F) year-round. The dry season runs from January to April, while the rainy season occurs from May to December, with occasional tropical showers. September and October typically see the highest rainfall. The waters around the park maintain a pleasant temperature of around 27°C (81°F), making it ideal for water activities throughout the year. Trade winds are strongest between December and March, which can affect boat activities but provide relief from the heat.
Colombia
13.3570°, -81.3740°
1995
9.95
A marine and coastal protected area located on Providencia Island. Features coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds that support diverse marine life. The park's lagoon is known for its crystal-clear waters and vibrant underwater ecosystem.