The valley serves as a habitat for numerous wildlife species, including several that are rare or threatened. Notable mammals include the margay cat, capybara, and various bat species that inhabit the caves. The area is particularly important for birds, with over 150 recorded species including the black-and-white hawk-eagle and red-winged tinamou. Reptiles such as the painted turtle and various snake species are common, while the streams host a diversity of fish and amphibians. The protected area also supports important populations of butterflies and other insects.
The protected area hosts a rich diversity of plant life, featuring a unique combination of subtropical forest, grasslands, and rocky outcrop vegetation. The valley contains one of Uruguay's largest remaining areas of native forest, including species such as the Butia palm, Ceibo trees, and numerous varieties of native ferns. The microclimate created by the valley's topography supports several endemic plant species and rare orchids. The forest understory is particularly rich in medicinal plants traditionally used by local communities.
The valley's distinctive landscape was formed over millions of years through erosion of sandstone formations dating back to the Devonian period. The area features dramatic red sandstone cliffs, deep canyons, and numerous waterfalls created by the differential erosion of harder and softer rock layers. The geological formations are part of the Tacuarembó Formation, characterized by cross-bedded sandstones that indicate ancient desert conditions. Natural caves and rock shelters are common throughout the valley, formed by weathering processes in the sandstone.
The Lunarejo Valley was historically inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Charrúa and Guaraní tribes, who lived in harmony with the landscape for centuries. The area gained protected status in 2009 when it was designated as a Protected Landscape, becoming part of Uruguay's National System of Protected Areas (SNAP). The valley's name 'Lunarejo' is believed to derive from the moon-like (lunar) appearance of its distinctive rock formations and cliffs. Traditional cattle ranching has been practiced in the region for generations, contributing to the cultural landscape that exists today.
Key attractions include the Valle del Lunarejo Interpretation Center, which provides educational exhibits about the area's ecology and culture. The protected landscape offers several marked hiking trails of varying difficulty, leading to scenic viewpoints and waterfalls. The Lunarejo Grande and Lunarejo Chico streams create numerous cascades throughout the valley, with the most spectacular being the Salto del Lunarejo. Ancient rock art sites can be found in several caves, providing evidence of prehistoric human habitation. The area also features traditional estancias (ranches) where visitors can experience local rural culture and traditional farming practices.
The Lunarejo Valley experiences a subtropical climate with distinct seasons. Summers (December to February) are warm with temperatures ranging from 20-30°C (68-86°F), while winters (June to August) are mild with occasional frost and temperatures between 5-15°C (41-59°F). Rainfall is distributed throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of 1,500mm. Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant conditions for visiting, with moderate temperatures and less rainfall. Morning mist is common in the valley, creating ethereal landscapes especially during winter months.
Uruguay
-31.1330°, -55.9170°
2001
29.3
Valle del Lunarejo is known for its dramatic valley landscapes and biodiversity. The area features deep canyons, waterfalls, and unique geological formations. It's home to numerous endemic species and offers excellent hiking opportunities.