The park supports a rich variety of wildlife typical of Finnish forests. Large mammals include moose, white-tailed deer, and occasional visits from brown bears. The park is particularly important for bird species, with over 100 species recorded, including the endangered white-backed woodpecker and the black grouse. The wetlands provide crucial habitat for waterfowl and waders. The area also hosts numerous small mammals such as red squirrels and voles, while the old-growth forests support diverse insect populations, including rare beetle species.
Leivonmäki National Park showcases diverse Finnish forest ecosystems, including old-growth spruce forests, pine heaths, and valuable wetland areas. The park is home to several rare plant species, particularly in its mire ecosystems. Notable flora includes cloudberries, cranberries, and various species of moss and lichen. The forest floor is carpeted with typical boreal vegetation such as lingonberries and blueberries, while the wetlands feature specialized bog plants including sundews and cottongrass. Several endangered orchid species can also be found in specific protected areas.
The park's landscape was dramatically shaped by the last ice age, which ended approximately 10,000 years ago. The retreating glaciers carved out distinctive ridges and eskers, creating the park's characteristic rolling terrain. The area features significant glacial formations, including the prominent Rutajärvi esker, which runs through the park. The soil is primarily composed of glacial deposits, with areas of exposed bedrock dating back to the Precambrian era. Numerous small lakes and wetlands formed in depressions left by melting ice sheets.
Leivonmäki's human history dates back to early Finnish settlements, with the area traditionally used for hunting, fishing, and later forestry. The region gained national park status in 2003, protecting 29 square kilometers of pristine wilderness. The park area includes historical remnants of traditional Finnish slash-and-burn agriculture, which was practiced here until the early 20th century. Several ancient paths and forestry routes through the park tell the story of historical transportation and logging activities that were vital to the local economy.
The park's most distinctive feature is the Rutajärvi esker system, offering spectacular views across the surrounding landscape. The Kirveslampi Nature Trail provides accessible hiking through various ecosystems, while the Lintuniemi observation tower offers excellent birdwatching opportunities. The park contains several pristine mire complexes, including the ecologically significant Haapasuo mire. Modern facilities include well-maintained camping areas, cooking shelters, and marked trails ranging from easy nature paths to more challenging hiking routes, making the park accessible for various outdoor activities year-round.
Leivonmäki experiences a typical Finnish continental climate with distinct seasonal variations. Winters are cold and snowy, with temperatures often dropping below -10°C (14°F) from December through February. Summers are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures around 17°C (63°F) in July, the warmest month. The area receives significant precipitation throughout the year, with slightly higher rainfall in late summer and autumn. The region experiences the characteristic Finnish phenomenon of the midnight sun in summer, with very long daylight hours, while winters bring extended periods of darkness.
Finland
61.9300°, 26.3780°
2003
29
Leivonmäki National Park is characterized by its ridge formations and extensive peatlands. The park offers excellent opportunities for hiking and berry picking. Its diverse landscape includes old-growth forests, mires, and esker ridges formed during the ice age.