The park supports a diverse array of wildlife, including several endangered and endemic species. Notable mammals include the culpeo fox, Andean fox, güiña (kodkod), and various species of bats. The park is also home to numerous bird species, including the Chilean tinamou, giant hummingbird, and various raptors such as the red-backed hawk. Reptiles and amphibians are well-represented, with species like Darwin's leaf-eared mouse and various lizards. The park's varied ecosystems provide important habitat for these species, making it a significant area for wildlife conservation in central Chile.
La Campana National Park is renowned for hosting one of the last remaining stands of Chilean Palm (Jubaea chilensis), with some specimens over 400 years old. The park's vegetation represents a unique transition zone between Mediterranean and temperate ecosystems, featuring diverse plant communities including sclerophyllous forests, deciduous woodlands, and xerophytic shrublands. Notable species include the Quillay (Quillaja saponaria), Peumo (Cryptocarya alba), and Litre (Lithraea caustica). The park also harbors numerous endemic species and serves as a crucial refuge for threatened plant species, making it a significant site for botanical research and conservation.
The park's geology is dominated by the La Campana mountain range, part of the Chilean Coastal Range, with its highest point being Cerro La Campana at 1,828 meters (6,000 feet). The mountain formation dates back to the Jurassic period, composed primarily of granite and volcanic rocks. The landscape features deep valleys, steep slopes, and distinctive rock formations shaped by millions of years of geological activity. The park's varied topography creates numerous microclimates and ecological niches, contributing to its rich biodiversity. Notable geological features include exposed granite outcrops and natural viewpoints offering panoramic vistas of the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
La Campana National Park was established in 1967 and was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1984. The area holds significant historical importance as Charles Darwin climbed La Campana peak during his voyage on the Beagle in 1834. The park's territory was previously inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Picunche and Aconcagua cultures, who left behind archaeological evidence of their presence. During the colonial period, the area was extensively used for mining and charcoal production, activities that significantly impacted the local ecosystem. The park's creation marked a turning point in protecting this unique ecological zone.
The park's most iconic feature is Cerro La Campana, offering challenging hiking trails and spectacular views that, on clear days, span from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean. The Palmar de Ocoa section contains the largest remaining population of Chilean Palm trees in their natural habitat. The park features well-maintained hiking trails of varying difficulty, including the famous Darwin Trail that follows the naturalist's historic ascent. Other notable attractions include the Granizo sector with its visitor center and educational facilities, numerous waterfalls during the rainy season, and various lookout points offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The park also contains important archaeological sites and historic mining remnants.
La Campana National Park experiences a Mediterranean climate typical of central Chile, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Summer temperatures (December to February) typically range from 25-30°C (77-86°F), while winter temperatures (June to August) average 10-15°C (50-59°F). The park receives most of its rainfall during winter months, with annual precipitation averaging 500mm. Spring (September to November) and autumn (March to May) offer the most pleasant hiking conditions with moderate temperatures and clearer skies. Visitors should note that temperature variations can be significant between sunny and shaded areas, especially in the mountainous sections.
Chile
-32.9500°, -71.1330°
1967
80
La Campana National Park is famous for its palm forest and was visited by Charles Darwin in 1834. The park features the prominent La Campana mountain and diverse Mediterranean vegetation. It offers excellent hiking trails and panoramic views of the Pacific Ocean and Andes Mountains.