The park supports a diverse array of wildlife, including approximately 40 mammal species and over 100 bird species. Notable mammals include Japanese macaques, Japanese serow, Asian black bears, and Japanese deer. The bird population features species like the green pheasant (Japan's national bird), various hawk species, and the Japanese wood pigeon. The coastal areas of Kinkowan Bay are home to numerous marine species, including dolphins and various fish species. The park also harbors several endemic insect species adapted to its unique volcanic environment.
The park showcases distinct vegetation zones based on elevation and climate. Lower elevations feature evergreen broadleaf forests dominated by species like Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and various oak species. The middle elevations support mixed forests of deciduous and evergreen trees, including Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) and maple species. Alpine zones above 1,500m feature unique high-altitude vegetation adapted to volcanic conditions, including dwarf bamboo (Sasa) and various hardy shrubs. The park is particularly known for its azalea fields, which create spectacular displays during spring blooming seasons.
The park is dominated by the Kirishima volcanic group, consisting of over 20 volcanic cones, craters, and calderas formed over the past 600,000 years. The most prominent peaks include Mount Karakuni (1,700m), the highest in the range, and the active Mount Shinmoedake (1,421m). The area features diverse volcanic formations including lava domes, pyroclastic flows, and numerous hot springs. The Sakurajima volcano, located in Kinkowan Bay, is one of Japan's most active volcanoes and continues to shape the landscape through regular eruptions. The park also encompasses unique coastal formations along the Kinkowan Bay area.
The park was established in 1934 and merged with Kinkowan Park in 1964 to form the current Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park. The area holds deep cultural significance in Japanese mythology, as it's believed to be where Ninigi-no-Mikoto, grandson of the sun goddess Amaterasu, descended to Earth. The Kirishima shrine complex, dating back to the 6th century, stands as a testament to this religious importance. The region has also been shaped by centuries of volcanic activity, with numerous eruptions documented throughout history, including significant events in 1716-1717 and more recent activity in 2011.
Key attractions include the Takachiho-gawara plateau, offering dramatic views of volcanic landscapes and mythological sites. The Kirishima Shrine, one of Japan's most important Shinto sites, draws visitors for its cultural significance. The Onami Pond, Japan's highest crater lake at 1,411m, provides spectacular hiking opportunities. The park's numerous hot springs (onsen) include popular spots like Kirishima Onsen and Ebino Kogen. Sakurajima Volcano offers visitor centers and observation points for viewing volcanic activity. The Kinkowan Bay area features scenic coastal drives, beaches, and marine activities. The park also contains well-maintained hiking trails ranging from easy nature walks to challenging mountain ascents.
Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park experiences a humid subtropical climate with significant rainfall throughout the year. Summer months (June-August) are warm and humid, with temperatures ranging from 25-30°C (77-86°F), while winters (December-February) are mild with temperatures between 5-15°C (41-59°F). The park receives substantial precipitation, with annual rainfall averaging 2,500mm. The rainy season typically occurs from June to July, and occasional snowfall can be seen on the mountain peaks during winter. Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer the most pleasant conditions for hiking and outdoor activities.
Japan
31.9340°, 130.8640°
1934
366.92
This park combines the volcanic Kirishima mountain range with the coastal scenery of Kinko Bay. It features active volcanoes, crater lakes, and hot springs alongside marine areas. The park is significant in Japanese mythology and offers diverse hiking opportunities.