Jotunheimen's varied ecosystems support a rich wildlife population. Large mammals include wild reindeer, red deer, and occasional visits from brown bears and wolverines. The mountains are home to numerous bird species, including the golden eagle, rough-legged buzzard, and ptarmigan. In the lakes and streams, Arctic char and brown trout thrive. The park also provides important habitat for smaller animals like the Norwegian lemming and various vole species, which form crucial parts of the alpine food chain.
Despite the harsh alpine environment, Jotunheimen supports a diverse range of plant life adapted to high altitudes and short growing seasons. The lower elevations feature birch forests and hardy shrubs like dwarf birch and juniper. Above the tree line, visitors can find a colorful array of alpine flowers including mountain avens, purple saxifrage, and various species of gentian. The region also hosts rare arctic-alpine plants that survived the last ice age, making it a significant area for botanical research.
Formed during the Caledonian mountain-building period around 420 million years ago, Jotunheimen's landscape features ancient metamorphic and igneous rocks. The region's distinctive peaks and valleys were sculpted by multiple glacial periods, creating dramatic U-shaped valleys, cirques, and sharp arêtes. The area contains Norway's highest peaks, including Galdhøpiggen (2,469m) and Glittertind (2,465m), and features numerous active glaciers that continue to shape the landscape today.
The name Jotunheimen, meaning 'Home of the Giants' in Norse mythology, reflects the area's deep cultural significance. The region has been home to hunting and farming communities since prehistoric times, with archaeological findings dating back to the Stone Age. During the 19th century, Jotunheimen became a focal point for early Norwegian mountaineering, with notable climbers like William Cecil Slingsby pioneering many first ascents. The area was designated as a national park in 1980, preserving its natural and cultural heritage for future generations.
Beyond its towering peaks, Jotunheimen boasts several remarkable features including Besseggen Ridge, one of Norway's most famous hiking trails, offering spectacular views over Gjende and Bessvatnet lakes. The Jostedalsbreen glacier, Europe's largest mainland glacier, borders the park's western edge. The area contains over 250 peaks above 1,900 meters and numerous pristine lakes, including the emerald-green Gjende. Historic mountain lodges like Gjendesheim and Memurubu provide traditional accommodation and serve as gateways to the park's extensive network of marked trails.
Jotunheimen experiences a typical alpine climate with distinct seasonal variations. Summers (June-August) are mild with temperatures ranging from 12-18°C, while winters are long and cold, often dropping below -10°C with substantial snowfall. The area receives significant precipitation throughout the year, with snow typically present at higher elevations from October through May. Weather conditions can change rapidly due to the mountainous terrain, making it essential for visitors to come prepared with appropriate clothing and equipment regardless of season.
Norway
61.6330°, 8.3000°
1980
1151
Jotunheimen National Park is home to Norway's highest mountains and most spectacular alpine landscapes. The park contains more than 250 peaks above 1,900 meters, including Galdhøpiggen, Norway's highest mountain. It features dramatic glaciers, deep valleys, and pristine mountain lakes.