Hollandse Duinen provides habitat for numerous wildlife species, including roe deer, foxes, and various small mammals. The park is particularly important for birds, with nesting sites for endangered species like the natterjack toad and sand lizard. Over 200 bird species can be observed, including the marsh harrier and European stonechat, making it a significant area for both resident and migratory birds.
The diverse dune landscape supports over 600 plant species adapted to challenging coastal conditions. Marram grass plays a crucial role in stabilizing the dunes, while sea buckthorn and creeping willow thrive in more sheltered areas. The dune valleys harbor rare orchids and gentians, and the transition zones between wet and dry areas feature unique plant communities including various moss and lichen species.
The park's distinctive landscape features young and old dune systems formed over thousands of years by wind and waves. The older inner dunes developed between 3000-5000 years ago, while the younger outer dunes formed around 800 years ago. This dynamic system continues to evolve through natural processes, with calcium-rich sand supporting unique plant communities and groundwater systems creating valuable freshwater lenses beneath the dunes.
The Hollandse Duinen coastal region has been shaped by centuries of interaction between humans and nature. Since medieval times, the dunes have served as crucial flood defenses while supporting traditional activities like rabbit hunting and water extraction. The area gained national park status in 2016, encompassing 44 kilometers of coastline between The Hague and Noordwijk, including historic estates and centuries-old managed forests.
Key attractions include the historic Meijendel water filtration areas, extensive hiking and cycling trails, and scenic viewpoints offering panoramic coastal vistas. The park contains several visitor centers, including the modern Dunea Bezoekerscentrum, which offers educational exhibits about dune ecology. Historic estates like Clingendael and Duivenvoorde showcase centuries of cultural heritage, while the beach areas provide popular recreational zones.
Hollandse Duinen experiences a temperate maritime climate typical of the Dutch coast, with mild winters and cool summers. Average temperatures range from 2°C in winter to 17°C in summer. The coastal location brings frequent winds and moderate rainfall throughout the year, with annual precipitation averaging 800mm. Sea breezes help create a unique microclimate that supports the park's distinctive dune ecosystem.
The Netherlands
52.1290°, 4.3380°
2016
440
Hollandse Duinen stretches along the Dutch coast between The Hague and Noordwijk. The park combines natural dune landscapes with cultural heritage elements and recreational areas. It plays a crucial role in coastal defense while providing habitat for numerous species.