Helvetinjärvi supports diverse wildlife typical of Finnish forest ecosystems. Large mammals include moose, white-tailed deer, and occasional brown bears. The park is home to various predators such as lynx and foxes. Birdlife is particularly rich, with over 90 breeding species including the black woodpecker, Siberian jay, and various owls. The lakes and wetlands attract waterfowl and waders, while the old-growth forests provide essential habitat for endangered flying squirrels and numerous bat species.
The park's vegetation reflects typical southern Finnish forest ecosystems, dominated by pine and spruce forests interspersed with birch and aspen. The gorge environments harbor unique microclimates supporting rare ferns and mosses, including several endangered species. Old-growth forests contain rich understory vegetation of blueberries, lingonberries, and various mushroom species. The lakeshores and wetland areas feature specialized aquatic plants and carnivorous sundews. Several rare orchid species can be found in the more remote areas of the park.
The park's dramatic landscape was shaped by geological processes dating back 1.9 billion years. The most striking features are the deep gorge valleys, formed by ancient tectonic movements and further carved by glacial activity during the last ice age. The Helvetinkolu gorge, the park's most famous geological formation, extends several kilometers and reaches depths of up to 40 meters. The bedrock consists primarily of ancient granite and gneiss, with visible fault lines and fracture zones creating the characteristic steep-walled canyons.
The area's human history dates back to Stone Age settlements, with archaeological evidence suggesting early fishing and hunting activities. The park's distinctive name 'Helvetinjärvi' (Hell's Lake) originates from local folklore, referring to the dramatic gorge landscapes. The region was historically significant for logging operations in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with evidence of old logging routes still visible. The national park was established in 1982 to preserve its unique geological formations and natural heritage, encompassing 49.8 square kilometers of protected wilderness.
The park's centerpiece is the dramatic Helvetinkolu gorge, offering spectacular views and challenging hiking opportunities. The pristine Haukkajärvi and Luomajärvi lakes provide excellent fishing and canoeing experiences. An extensive network of marked trails totaling over 40 kilometers includes the popular Helvetistä itään circular trail. Historic structures include the restored Haukkajärvi wilderness hut and several traditional Finnish lean-to shelters. The park offers exceptional opportunities for nature photography, especially around the gorge areas and during the autumn colors season.
Helvetinjärvi National Park experiences a typical Finnish continental climate with distinct seasonal variations. Summers (June-August) are mild with average temperatures between 15-20°C, while winters (December-February) are cold with temperatures often dropping below -10°C. The park receives significant snowfall from November through March, creating ideal conditions for winter activities. Spring thaw typically occurs in April, and autumn brings colorful foliage in September-October. Annual rainfall averages 600-700mm, with slightly higher precipitation during late summer and autumn months.
Finland
62.0330°, 23.8670°
1982
50
Helvetinjärvi National Park is characterized by deep gorge valleys and clear lakes. The park's name means 'Hell's Lake' due to its dramatic landscape features. It offers pristine wilderness with rugged cliffs and old-growth forests.