The wildlife of Guadeloupe National Park includes numerous endemic species adapted to its varied ecosystems. The park is home to the Guadeloupe raccoon, an endangered species found nowhere else in the world, and the Guadeloupe woodpecker. Over 30 bird species breed within the park boundaries, including the rare Imperial Amazon parrot. The forest canopy supports diverse populations of bats, while the undergrowth harbors unique amphibians like the Eleutherodactylus frogs. The park's streams contain distinctive freshwater species, including the Guadeloupe crayfish. Numerous butterfly species and other insects contribute to the park's rich biodiversity.
The park hosts an extraordinarily rich botanical diversity with over 800 species of plants, including 100 species of orchids and numerous endemic species. The vegetation zones vary dramatically with altitude, from tropical rainforest at lower elevations to cloud forest and alpine savanna near the summit. Notable species include the massive gommier trees, mountain palms, and tree ferns that create a prehistoric atmosphere. The park is also home to important medicinal plants traditionally used by local communities. Several rare and endangered plant species find refuge here, making it a crucial conservation area for Caribbean flora. The dense rainforest canopy creates distinct ecological niches supporting unique plant adaptations.
The park's geology is dominated by the active La Soufrière volcano, which stands as the highest peak in the Lesser Antilles at 1,467 meters. The volcanic complex features numerous fumaroles, hot springs, and sulfur vents, testament to ongoing geological activity. The landscape was shaped by multiple volcanic episodes, creating diverse geological formations including ancient lava flows, volcanic domes, and deep valleys. The Basse-Terre mountain range, which forms the park's backbone, consists of several volcanic peaks of varying ages, with some formations dating back several million years. The volcanic activity has created rich, fertile soils that support the park's exceptional biodiversity.
Guadeloupe National Park was established in 1989, becoming France's seventh national park and the first in a French overseas territory. The area has deep historical significance, with indigenous Arawak and later Carib peoples inhabiting the region before European colonization. The park's lands were historically used for coffee and banana plantations during the colonial period. The creation of the park represented a crucial step in preserving both the natural heritage and the cultural history of Guadeloupe, including traditional agricultural practices and the remains of early settlements. The park has since been designated as an International Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, recognizing its unique ecological and cultural value.
The park's most prominent feature is La Soufrière volcano, offering challenging hiking trails and spectacular views. The Carbet Falls, a series of three majestic waterfalls, rank among the highest in the Caribbean. The Grand Etang lake, formed in an ancient volcanic crater, provides a serene setting for nature observation. The Trace des Crêtes trail offers panoramic views of both Caribbean and Atlantic coasts. The park contains numerous hot springs and natural pools, including the popular Bains Jaunes (Yellow Baths). The Dense Rainforest Trail showcases the park's pristine tropical forest, while the Matouba Historic Trail provides insights into the area's colonial history. These features combine to create a unique destination for both nature enthusiasts and cultural tourists.
Guadeloupe National Park experiences a tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The dry season runs from December to May, with temperatures averaging 25°C (77°F), while the wet season occurs from June to November, bringing frequent rainfall and higher humidity. The park's varying elevations create multiple microclimates, with temperatures dropping approximately 0.6°C for every 100 meters of elevation gain. At the summit of La Soufrière volcano, temperatures can be significantly cooler, often 10-15°C lower than at sea level, and visitors should be prepared for sudden weather changes and afternoon thunderstorms, particularly during the wet season.
France
16.1670°, -61.6830°
1989
219
The Guadeloupe National Park is a tropical paradise featuring the active La Soufrière volcano and lush rainforests. It protects unique Caribbean ecosystems and biodiversity. The park offers numerous hiking trails and waterfalls in a tropical setting.