Wildlife in the park includes numerous mammal species such as white-tailed deer, coyotes, long-tailed weasels, and rabbits. The area is particularly important for bird conservation, hosting resident and migratory species including the golden eagle, red-tailed hawk, and various hummingbirds. Several endemic salamander species can be found in the park's streams, while numerous butterfly species, including the iconic Monarch butterfly, visit during migration seasons.
The park hosts a rich diversity of plant life dominated by oyamel fir forests, pine woods, and oak trees. Notable species include Sacred Fir (Abies religiosa), Mexican White Pine (Pinus ayacahuite), and various endemic wildflowers. The understory features abundant ferns, mosses, and lichens thriving in the humid environment. This forest ecosystem plays a crucial role in Mexico City's water supply and air quality, acting as a natural filter and water catchment area.
The park sits within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, characterized by volcanic formations dating back millions of years. The terrain features deep canyons, volcanic soils, and rocky outcrops formed by ancient lava flows. The area's geological composition consists primarily of andesite and basalt rocks, creating a unique landscape that supports diverse ecosystems. Natural springs and streams carved through the volcanic rock contribute to the park's complex hydrology.
Despite its name meaning 'Desert of the Lions,' this area was never a desert but rather derived its name from the Leones family who owned the land. Established in 1605, it became Mexico's first national park in 1917. The site's centerpiece is a former Carmelite monastery founded in the early 17th century, which served as a spiritual retreat and played a crucial role in Mexico's colonial history. The monastery was abandoned in 1801 due to harsh living conditions but remains a significant historical monument today.
The park's most prominent attraction is the ex-monastery complex, featuring well-preserved baroque architecture, mysterious tunnels, and beautiful gardens. Visitors can explore numerous hiking trails, including the popular Sendero de los Monjes (Monks' Trail), offering spectacular views of Mexico City. The park also features picnic areas, trout farms, and traditional Mexican restaurants serving local cuisine. Adventure activities include mountain biking, rock climbing, and guided nature walks focusing on the area's rich biodiversity.
Desierto de los Leones experiences a temperate highland climate typical of central Mexico's elevated regions. Average temperatures range from 5-15°C (41-59°F), with summer highs rarely exceeding 22°C (72°F) and winter lows occasionally dropping below freezing. The area receives significant rainfall between June and October, with misty conditions common throughout the year due to its elevation of 2,277-3,700 meters (7,470-12,139 feet) above sea level. Visitors should prepare for sudden weather changes and cool temperatures year-round.
Mexico
19.3130°, -99.3080°
November 27, 1917
15.29
Desierto de los Leones was Mexico's first national park and features a former Carmelite monastery from the 17th century. The park is covered in thick pine and oak forests and offers hiking trails and picnic areas. Despite its name, there are no deserts or lions in the park.