Sallandse Heuvelrug supports a rich wildlife population, most notably hosting the Netherlands' last surviving population of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix). The park is home to various deer species, including roe deer and red deer, along with smaller mammals such as foxes, badgers, and rabbits. Numerous bird species thrive here, including the European nightjar, woodlark, and various raptors. The heathland ecosystem also supports diverse invertebrate communities, including rare butterfly and beetle species.
The park's vegetation is characterized by extensive heathlands dominated by common heather (Calluna vulgaris) and cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix), creating stunning purple landscapes in late summer. Mixed forests featuring Scots pine, oak, and birch trees cover significant portions of the park. The area also harbors rare plant species adapted to sandy soils, including various lichens, mosses, and specialized heathland flora. Active management helps maintain these diverse habitats, preventing natural succession to woodland.
The ridge system of Sallandse Heuvelrug consists of push moraines formed during the Pleistocene epoch, reaching heights of up to 75 meters above sea level at the Holterberg. The soil composition primarily features glacial deposits of sand and gravel, creating well-drained conditions that support distinctive heath vegetation. This geological formation represents one of the few remaining ice-pushed ridge systems in the Netherlands, making it a significant landmark for understanding the region's geological history.
The landscape of Sallandse Heuvelrug was primarily shaped during the Saalian Ice Age, roughly 150,000 years ago, when glaciers pushed sand and gravel into the distinctive ridge formations visible today. Human settlement dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of ancient burial mounds and Celtic fields. Throughout medieval times, the area was characterized by extensive heathlands maintained by sheep grazing, while the 20th century saw significant reforestation efforts. In 2004, the area was officially designated as a National Park, preserving its unique cultural and natural heritage.
Key attractions include the Holterberg, the highest point offering panoramic views across the region, and an extensive network of hiking and cycling trails totaling over 500 kilometers. The park features several visitor centers, including the Natuurdiorama Holterberg, providing educational exhibits about local nature and history. The area is also known for its traditional sheep flocks that help maintain the heathland landscape, and various prehistoric monuments including ancient burial mounds. Modern amenities include well-marked trails, observation points, and recreational facilities catering to diverse visitor interests.
De Sallandse Heuvelrug experiences a temperate maritime climate typical of the Netherlands, with mild winters and cool summers. Average temperatures range from 2°C in winter to 17°C in summer, while rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with slightly higher precipitation in autumn and winter months. The elevated terrain of the ridge can create distinct microclimates, often being slightly cooler and windier than surrounding lowlands, making it ideal for outdoor activities in summer but requiring proper preparation during winter months.
The Netherlands
52.3330°, 6.4170°
2004
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De Sallandse Heuvelrug features a unique ridge of hills formed during the ice age. The park is known for its extensive heathlands and is one of the few places where the black grouse still lives in the Netherlands. It offers excellent opportunities for hiking and mountain biking.