The park harbors diverse wildlife, including several endangered species. Notable mammals include the puma, the small deer pudú (world's smallest deer), and the endangered Darwin's fox. The park is also home to various bird species, including the Magellanic woodpecker, Andean condor, and the austral pygmy owl. Several endemic amphibians can be found near water bodies, including Darwin's frog. The park's waters contain native fish species such as percatrucha and puyén, though some lakes have been stocked with introduced trout species.
The park is renowned for its ancient Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle) trees, some of which are over 2,000 years old. These prehistoric conifers are considered living fossils and are protected by Chilean law. The forest ecosystem also includes extensive stands of southern beech (Nothofagus), including lenga, ñirre, and coigüe. The understory features diverse native shrubs such as notro, chaura, and calafate. Alpine meadows at higher elevations display colorful wildflowers during summer months, while lower elevations host dense temperate rainforest vegetation.
The park's geological features are dominated by volcanic formations, primarily centered around the active Llaima Volcano (3,125m). The landscape showcases dramatic evidence of past volcanic activity, including extensive lava fields, volcanic caves, and distinctive black basaltic rock formations. Sierra Nevada, another volcanic complex within the park, contributes to its unique topography. The area contains numerous glacial lakes formed by volcanic activity and subsequent glacial movements, including the notable Lake Conguillio and Lake Verde. Ancient lava flows have created remarkable geological formations throughout the park.
Conguillio National Park was established in 1950 and was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1983. The area has deep cultural significance for the indigenous Mapuche people, who have inhabited the region for centuries. The name 'Conguillio' comes from the Mapudungun word 'ko-ngilliñ,' meaning 'water with pine nuts,' referring to the abundant Araucaria trees in the area. The park's landscape has been significantly shaped by volcanic activity, particularly from Llaima Volcano, one of Chile's most active volcanoes, which has recorded numerous eruptions throughout history.
Key attractions include the imposing Llaima Volcano, offering spectacular views and hiking opportunities. Lake Conguillio provides a stunning mirror reflection of surrounding volcanoes and Araucaria forests. The Sierra Nevada hiking trail offers panoramic views of the park's volcanic landscape. The Truful Truful Canyon showcases dramatic volcanic rock formations and waterfalls. Ancient lava flows, particularly the Pichillaima flow, create an otherworldly landscape. The park also features several thermal springs, though some are seasonal. Visitor facilities include camping areas, interpretive trails, and the CONAF ranger stations providing information and guidance.
Conguillio National Park experiences a temperate climate with Mediterranean influences. Summers (December to February) are mild and relatively dry, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Winters (June to August) are cold and wet, with frequent snowfall and temperatures often dropping below 0°C (32°F). The park receives significant precipitation, particularly during winter months, with annual rainfall averaging 2,500mm. Spring and autumn offer moderate temperatures but can be unpredictable, with sudden weather changes common due to the park's location in the Andes Mountains.
Chile
-38.6500°, -71.6330°
1950
608
Conguillio National Park is dominated by the Llaima Volcano and features ancient Araucaria forests. The park contains numerous lakes, including Lake Conguillio, and dramatic volcanic landscapes. Its unique ecosystem includes monkey puzzle trees and diverse wildlife species.