Fauna
Wildlife in the region is remarkably diverse, including the Italian wolf, European otter, and various species of bats in the mountain caves. The coastline provides habitat for marine life including dolphins and various fish species, while the skies host numerous raptor species such as the peregrine falcon and golden eagle. The area serves as an important stopover for migratory birds.
Flora
The region boasts exceptional biodiversity with over 1,800 plant species, representing nearly 25% of Italian flora. Mediterranean maquis dominates the coastal areas, featuring olive groves, maritime pines, and aromatic herbs. The inland areas support extensive holm oak forests, while higher elevations harbor rare endemic species and ancient beech forests, some of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Geology
The region's dramatic landscape was formed by complex geological processes over millions of years, featuring limestone mountains, deep valleys, and coastal cliffs. The Alburni Mountains, composed primarily of Mesozoic limestone, dominate the interior, while the coastline showcases a stunning mixture of sandy beaches and rocky promontories. Notable karst formations have created extensive cave systems throughout the territory.
History
This ancient landscape has been continuously inhabited since Paleolithic times, with Greek colonists establishing important settlements by the 7th century BC. The region played a crucial role in the Greek-Roman period, as evidenced by the magnificent ruins of Paestum. Throughout medieval times, the area became dotted with monasteries and castles, while the 18th and 19th centuries saw the emergence of picturesque hill towns that still characterize the landscape today.
Notable Features
The region's most distinctive features include the Greek temples of Paestum, the Certosa di Padula (one of Europe's largest monasteries), and the stunning Pertosa-Auletta caves. The coastline features the iconic Palinuro Cape and Infreschi Bay, while the interior boasts medieval villages like Teggiano and Roscigno Vecchia. The area is also renowned for its traditional buffalo mozzarella production and ancient walking paths.
Climate & Weather
The Cilento and Vallo di Diano regions enjoy a classic Mediterranean climate, characterized by mild winters and warm, sun-drenched summers. Coastal areas experience pleasant sea breezes, while inland valleys maintain slightly cooler temperatures. Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) offer ideal conditions for outdoor activities, with average temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F) and minimal rainfall.