Changbai Mountain

About Changbai Mountain

Changbai Mountain is home to the highest peak in northeastern China and features the stunning Heaven Lake in its volcanic crater. The reserve contains diverse ecosystems ranging from alpine tundra to temperate forests. It is considered one of China's most important natural treasures and biodiversity hotspots.

Fauna

Changbai Mountain's diverse ecosystems support numerous wildlife species, including the endangered Siberian tiger, Amur leopard, and Asian black bear. The mountain is home to over 300 bird species and various endemic amphibians. Notable species include the sable, Chinese merganser, and spotted seal in Heaven Lake. The area serves as a crucial wildlife corridor between China, North Korea, and Russia.

Flora

The mountain hosts over 2,000 plant species across distinct vertical vegetation zones. Lower elevations feature mixed broadleaf and Korean pine forests, transitioning to spruce and fir forests at mid-elevations. The alpine zone above 2,000 meters supports unique tundra vegetation including rare medicinal plants like ginseng. Autumn brings spectacular foliage displays as deciduous trees change color.

Geology

Formed through volcanic activity approximately 2.8 million years ago, Changbai Mountain is a dormant stratovolcano with its last major eruption occurring in 1903. The mountain's geology features distinctive layers of basalt and pumice, while the summit crater contains the stunning Heaven Lake (Tianchi), one of the deepest crater lakes in the world at 373 meters deep. Hot springs and fumaroles throughout the area provide evidence of ongoing volcanic activity.

History

Revered as a sacred mountain by the Manchu people, Changbai Mountain has deep cultural and historical significance dating back over 1,000 years. The mountain served as the spiritual homeland of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) and features prominently in many local legends and folklore. Historical records show the first documented ascent occurred during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), while scientific exploration began in earnest during the early 20th century.

Notable Features

Heaven Lake, the crystal-clear crater lake at the summit, is the mountain's most iconic feature. Other highlights include the spectacular Changbai Waterfall, dropping 68 meters from Heaven Lake, numerous hot springs with therapeutic mineral waters, and the Green Deep Pool with its striking emerald waters. The mountain offers extensive hiking trails, skiing facilities, and opportunities to experience unique volcanic landscapes.

Climate & Weather

Changbai Mountain experiences a temperate continental climate with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Average temperatures range from -20°C in winter to 20°C in summer. The mountain receives significant snowfall from October to May, with peak precipitation in July and August. Weather conditions can change rapidly at higher elevations, making it essential for visitors to prepare for sudden shifts in temperature and visibility.