The hill supports a variety of urban wildlife, including several species of resident and migratory birds such as house finches, curve-billed thrashers, and American kestrels. Small mammals like rabbits, squirrels, and various species of bats inhabit the area. Reptiles, including several species of lizards and non-venomous snakes, can also be found in the more preserved areas.
The vegetation of Cerro de la Estrella consists primarily of xerophytic plants adapted to the semi-arid conditions, including various species of cacti, agave, and yucca. Native trees such as tepozán, pirú, and eucalyptus can be found throughout the area. Despite urban encroachment, the hill maintains patches of original vegetation that provide important ecological services to Mexico City.
The hill is part of the Sierra de Santa Catarina volcanic range, rising approximately 224 meters above the surrounding valley floor. Formed through volcanic activity during the late Pleistocene period, its composition includes basaltic and andesitic rocks. The hill's distinctive profile and geological features made it an ideal location for ancient astronomical observations and religious ceremonies.
This sacred hill has been a significant religious and ceremonial site since pre-Hispanic times, most notably as the location of the New Fire Ceremony performed by the Aztecs every 52 years. The site contains important archaeological remains dating back to the Classic period (200-750 CE), including temples, plazas, and cave paintings. During the colonial period, it became an important Christian religious site, marked by the construction of the Passion Play amphitheater.
Key attractions include the Museum of Cerro de la Estrella, which houses important archaeological findings, the historic Passion Play amphitheater, and various pre-Hispanic ceremonial structures. The summit offers panoramic views of Mexico City and the surrounding Valley of Mexico. Ancient cave paintings and petroglyphs can be found throughout the site, and several hiking trails provide access to different areas of archaeological and natural interest.
Cerro de la Estrella experiences a subtropical highland climate typical of Mexico City, with average temperatures ranging from 12°C to 25°C (54°F to 77°F). The dry season runs from November to April, while the rainy season occurs from May to October, with afternoon showers being common. Spring tends to be the warmest season, making March through May particularly popular for visitors.
Mexico
19.3560°, -99.0920°
1938
11.21
An urban park with significant archaeological and historical importance. The site contains pre-Hispanic ruins and was an important ceremonial center. The hill offers panoramic views of Mexico City and preserves remnants of original valley vegetation.