Alta Murgia hosts a diverse array of wildlife, particularly birds of prey such as the lesser kestrel, red kite, and Egyptian vulture. The park is a crucial stopping point for migratory birds and supports one of Italy's largest populations of the threatened lesser kestrel. Mammals include the European wildcat, red fox, beech marten, and various bat species that inhabit the park's caves. The grasslands support numerous reptile species, including the Italian wall lizard and Hermann's tortoise, while invertebrates include many endemic butterfly and beetle species.
The park's vegetation is characterized by Mediterranean steppe grasslands, one of the largest remaining examples in Italy. These grasslands support over 1,500 plant species, including numerous orchid varieties and endemic plants adapted to the harsh limestone environment. Notable species include the dwarf iris (Iris pseudopumila), various types of thyme, and the rare Muscari parviflorum. The landscape also features scattered stands of downy oak, holm oak, and Mediterranean maquis vegetation, while traditional agricultural areas support ancient olive groves and almond orchards.
The park sits on a limestone plateau formed during the Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago. The karst landscape features distinctive characteristics including sinkholes, caves, and dolines formed by water erosion of the limestone bedrock. The most notable geological formations are the 'puli' (large karst depressions) and 'lame' (shallow valleys created by ancient water courses). The soil is typically thin and rocky, with exposed limestone outcrops common throughout the park, creating a unique and challenging environment for plant life.
The Alta Murgia region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. During the Middle Ages, the area became strategically important, as evidenced by the construction of Castel del Monte by Emperor Frederick II in the 13th century. The landscape was significantly shaped by traditional pastoral activities, with shepherds creating extensive stone walls, sheep pens (jazzi), and temporary shelters. The area was officially designated as a national park in 2004 to protect its unique cultural heritage and natural landscapes, becoming Puglia's first national park.
The park's most iconic landmark is Castel del Monte, a UNESCO World Heritage site and masterpiece of medieval architecture known for its unique octagonal design. Other significant features include the extensive network of traditional dry-stone walls, ancient sheep tracks (tratturi), and historical farmhouses (masserie). The park contains numerous archaeological sites, including prehistoric rock settlements and Roman ruins. The 'Pulo di Altamura', one of the largest sinkholes in Italy, and the 'Grotta di Lamalunga', containing well-preserved prehistoric human remains, are also notable attractions. The park offers numerous hiking and cycling trails, with the 'Ciclovia dei Borboni' being a popular long-distance cycling route.
Alta Murgia experiences a typical Mediterranean climate with distinct seasonal variations. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F) between June and August, while winters are mild to cool, with occasional frost and temperatures ranging from 0-10°C (32-50°F). Rainfall is most common in autumn and winter, with October and November being the wettest months. The park's elevated plateau location results in stronger winds and slightly cooler temperatures compared to surrounding lowlands, making spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) the most pleasant seasons for visiting.
Italy
40.9330°, 16.5330°
2004
677.39
A protected area characterized by its limestone plateau and unique karst formations. The park is home to the famous Castel del Monte, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and features extensive pseudosteppe habitat. It contains important archaeological sites and traditional masserie (farmhouses) that reflect the area's agricultural heritage.