Alexandra Falls

Alexandra Falls is a spectacular waterfall on the Hay River in the Northwest Territories. The falls drop 32 meters over a sandstone escarpment, creating a dramatic natural feature. The area around the falls is protected within Twin Falls Gorge Territorial Park, which also includes Louise Falls downstream. The falls are named after Princess Alexandra of Denmark. The site offers one of the most accessible and impressive waterfalls in the Northwest Territories, attracting visitors traveling the Mackenzie Highway.

The area around Alexandra Falls supports wildlife characteristic of the northern boreal forest. Black bears are occasionally seen, particularly during berry season. Moose inhabit the surrounding forests and wetlands. The Hay River below the falls provides habitat for fish including northern pike and walleye. Bald eagles and ospreys hunt along the river. The forests host boreal bird species including warblers, thrushes, and woodpeckers. Peregrine falcons have been observed near the cliffs around the falls.

Vegetation consists of boreal forest dominated by white spruce, black spruce, and trembling aspen. Jack pine grows on drier sites. The forest understory includes shrubs such as Labrador tea, blueberry, and bearberry. Wildflowers including fireweed, wild roses, and various asters add color during the brief summer. Mosses and lichens are abundant, characteristic of the boreal forest. The spray zone near the falls supports moisture-loving plants. The forests provide habitat and food sources for wildlife.

Alexandra Falls has eroded through horizontally bedded sedimentary rocks of the Paleozoic era. The falls occur where the Hay River crosses resistant sandstone and limestone layers of the Presqu'ile Barrier reef complex. The gorge below the falls has been carved through these rocks over thousands of years. The surrounding landscape was shaped by glaciation, with the Hay River following pre-glacial valleys. The falls continue to erode upstream slowly, though at a much reduced rate compared to immediate post-glacial times.

The area experiences a subarctic climate with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Winter temperatures often drop below -30°C, with the falls freezing partially or completely. Summer temperatures typically range from 10-20°C, with long daylight hours. Precipitation is moderate, falling mostly as snow during the long winter. The falls are most dramatic during spring runoff in May and June when the Hay River is at peak flow. Summer offers the most comfortable conditions for visiting.

The Hay River valley has been used by Dene peoples for thousands of years, serving as an important travel and resource corridor. The falls were significant landmarks and meeting places. European explorers and fur traders passed through the area in the 1700s and 1800s. The falls were named in 1867. The construction of the Mackenzie Highway in the 1960s made the falls accessible to vehicular traffic, increasing visitation. The area continues to be valued by Indigenous peoples and visitors alike.

Twin Falls Gorge Territorial Park, which includes Alexandra Falls, was established to protect the falls and surrounding natural features. The park provides access to two major waterfalls along the Hay River. Development has been kept minimal to preserve the natural character while providing safe viewing opportunities. The park is managed to balance visitor access with protection of natural and cultural values. It has become one of the most visited natural attractions in the Northwest Territories.

Alexandra Falls is the main attraction, viewed from a fenced lookout platform that provides spectacular views. A short trail from the parking area leads to the viewpoint. The falls are particularly impressive during spring runoff. Downstream, Louise Falls can be accessed via another short trail. A longer trail connects the two falls, offering views of the Hay River gorge. The area is excellent for photography, especially with the long summer daylight. Interpretive signs provide information about geology and natural history.

The park is located along the Mackenzie Highway, making it easily accessible by vehicle. Facilities include a parking area, viewing platforms with safety railings, and interpretive signs. A campground is available nearby for overnight stays. The park is typically accessible from May through September, with peak visitation during summer months. The nearest community with full services is Hay River, about 20 kilometers south. Visitors should be prepared for variable weather and insects during summer.

Conservation efforts focus on protecting the falls, gorge, and surrounding boreal forest ecosystems. The park preserves important geological features and natural beauty. Management addresses visitor safety while minimizing impacts on natural resources. Trails and viewing areas are designed to prevent erosion and protect vegetation. The park contributes to regional conservation and provides opportunities for environmental education. Ongoing monitoring helps ensure the long-term protection of park resources while allowing for continued public enjoyment.